Let the dough sit at room temperature for anywhere from 10-30 minutes, depending on how cold it is (and how warm your kitchen is). It should be cool to the touch, but you should be able to press into it. Dust a large piece of parchment paper with flour, then roll the dough into an ⅛-inch thick round (it should be about 12 inches in diameter)—if the dough starts to immediately crack it means it’s too cold (conversely, if it’s really sticky it means it’s too warm—pop it back into the fridge to cool down). Brush any excess flour off of the dough and the parchment, then slide the parchment (with the dough) onto a baking sheet.
Scrape the almond filling into the center of the dough, then use lightly damp fingers to press it into an even layer, leaving a 2-inch border.
Arrange the rhubarb over the almond filling (aim for an even layer) and sprinkle the sugar-cinnamon mixture from the bowl evenly over top (it will look like a lot of sugar, but use it all). Fold up the edges of the dough and pinch them together (be sure to patch up any holes or tears). Refrigerate the galette for 5 minutes.